Hong Liangji

Hong Liangji was a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu province. He passed his civil-service examinations in 1790 and served as a compiler at court. Because of his differences with court authorities, he was exiled to ChinaÆs northwest frontier. After receiving a pardon, he returned to Beijing. Not much is known about his later life, during which he lived under the name Shengsheng

jushi (reborn Buddhist believer). Hong Liangji was considered a skilled writer and calligrapher, especially of seal script.