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The Hindu deity Krishna and his beloved, personifying a musical mode (Dipaka Raga), from a Ragamala series
The Hindu deity Krishna and his beloved, personifying a musical mode (Dipaka Raga), from a Ragamala series

The Hindu deity Krishna and his beloved, personifying a musical mode (Dipaka Raga), from a Ragamala series

Place of OriginUttar Pradesh state, India, former principality of Avadh
Dateapprox. 1760
MaterialsOpaque watercolors and gold on paper
DimensionsH. 11 3/8 in x W. 7 1/2 in, H. 28.7 cm x W. 19 cm
Credit LineGift of George Hopper Fitch
Object numberB84D7
DepartmentSouth Asian Art
ClassificationsPainting
On View
Not on view
More Information

Ragamalas, manuscripts illustrating modes of classical Indian music (raga), are often combined with poems and paintings. All three elements—music, poetry, and paintings—are intended to work together (and independently) to evoke a specific mood and emotional state. Love is often a common thread in the poetry and paintings. Since Krishna can be considered the quintessential lover, he is often represented in these paintings, even where the ccompanying poetry does not specifically mention him.

Dipaka Raga derives its name from the Sanskrit word dipa (lamp, light, or flame). The visual interpretation of a musical mode charged with fire and the ardor of love is through images of romantic passion and lights. The theme is associated with the season of summer and noontime, but paintings often situate the raga in night scenes, where the candles, moon, and stars intensify the lamp symbolism. The paintings often feature lush landscapes and detailed architecture with brilliant white terraces set against a dark night sky to enhance the romantic mood.